say□ 基本： say something□ 直接話法でも、関節話法でも用いられる I said: "I am reading a book." I said that I was reading a book. □ 関節疑問文には say は不適切：代わりに ask を使う I asked if [whether] he was busy. □ 『誰に』言っているか → to を使う She said to him that she liked his shirt. □ 直接目的語(direct object)(日本語で「を」が付く名詞)はそのまま続く They are saying something about their kids. □ say - said - said - saying |
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tell□ 基本：tell someone□ 直接話法でも、関節話法でも用いられる I told him: "I am reading a book." I told him that I was reading a book. □ 関節疑問文には tell は不適切：代わりに ask を使う I asked if [whether] he was busy. □ ポイントは、『誰に』言っているか He told me that he was in a hurry. 彼は、急いでいると私に言った。 □ 直接目的語(direct object)(日本語で「を」が付く名詞)をとらない NG : He □ tell - told - told -telling |
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talk□ speak to somebody : talk on the phone□ discuss something serious : We need to talk. 話がある。 |
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speak□ means to have a conversation: I spoke with my colleagues about the project.□ to use your voice : speak slowly, speak with a French accent □ a language : speak English □ 〜of/about : to mention : She spoke of the happening with tears in her eyes. 泣きながらその出来事を話した。 |
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